Jordan

Region: Asia and Oceania
 

Classification of economies by geographic region is based on that of the United Nations Statistics Division.

Middle Income
 

Based on the income levels set out by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in its Global Competitiveness Report. However, the groupings are slightly different due to the numbers of economies covered. For GEM, the low income group contains both those classified as low income and lower middle by WEF, and the middle income group has those that WEF groups as upper middle. High income is the same for both GEM and WEF.

Population: 9.7 million (2018)
 

Population data is from the World Bank, except Palestinian Territories World Population Review and Taiwan Worldometers

GDP Growth: 2.1% (2017)
 

GDP growth data is from the World Economic Outlook Database, except Palestinian Territories Worldometers

GDP Per Capita: $4,145 (2015)
 

GDP per capita data is from the World Economic Outlook Database, except Palestinian Territories Worldometers

Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Attitudes

Most recent data: 2016
  • Jordan 2016
  • Jordan 2009
  • Global Average
  • Regional Average
  • Income Level Average

Self-Perceptions

  • 1
     
    Perceived Opportunities Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who see good opportunities to start a firm in the area where they live
  • 2
     
    Perceived Capabilities Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who believe they have the required skills and knowledge to start a business
  • 3
     
    Fear of Failure Rate*:Percentage of the 18–64 population who agree that they see good opportunities but would not start a business for fear it might fail. NOTE: this is a percentage of those seeing good opportunities, and not the total adult population
  • 4
     
    Entrepreneurial Intentions Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who are latent entrepreneurs and who intend to start a business within three years
  • 1. Perceived Opportunities Rate
  • 2. Perceived Capabilities Rate
  • 3. Fear of Failure Rate*
  • 4. Entrepreneurial Intentations Rate:

Activity

  • 1
     
    Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA):Percentage of 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business
  • 2
     
    Established Business Ownership Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population who are currently an owner-manager of an established business, i.e., owning and managing a running business that has paid salaries, wages, or any other payments to the owners for more than 42 months
  • 3
     
    Entrepreneurial Employee Activity Rate:Rate of involvement of employees in entrepreneurial activities, such as developing or launching new goods or services, or setting up a new business unit, a new establishment or subsidiary
  • 1. Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA)
  • 2. Established Business Ownership Rate
  • 3. Entrepreneurial Employee Activity Rate

Motivations

  • 1
     
    Motivational Index:Percentage of those involved in TEA that are improvement-driven opportunity motivated, divided by the percentage of TEA that is necessity-motivated
  • 1. Motivational Index

Gender Equity

  • 1
     
    Female/Male TEA Ratio:Percentage of female 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a 'new business', divided by the equivalent percentage for their male counterparts
  • 2
     
    Female/Male Opportunity-Driven TEA Ratio:Percentage of those females involved in TEA who (i) claim to be driven by opportunity as opposed to finding no other option for work; and (ii) who indicate the main driver for being involved in this opportunity is being independent or increasing their income, rather than just maintaining their income, divided by the equivalent percentage for their male counterparts
  • 1. Female/Male TEA Ratio
  • 2. Female/Male Opportunity-Driven TEA Ratio

Impact

  • 1
     
    High Job Creation Expectation Rate:Percentage of those involved in TEA who expect to create 6 or more jobs in 5 years
  • 2
     
    Innovation Rate:Percentage of those involved in TEA who indicate that their product or service is new to at least some customers AND that few/no businesses offer the same product
  • 3
     
    Business Services Sector Rate:Percentage of those involved in TEA in the 'Business Services' sector - Information and Communication, Financial Intermediation and Real Estate, Professional Services or Administrative Services, as defined by the ISIC 4.0 Business Type Codebook
  • 1. High Job Creation Expectation Rate
  • 2. Innovation Rate
  • 3. Business Services Sector Rate

Societal Values

  • 1
     
    High Status to Successful Entrepreneurs Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population who agree with the statement that in their country, successful entrepreneurs receive high status
  • 2
     
    Entrepreneurship as a Good Career Choice Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population who agree with the statement that in their country, most people consider starting a business as a desirable career choice
  • 1. High Status to Successful Entrepreneurs Rate
  • 2. Entrepreneurship as a Good Career Choice Rate

Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions

Most recent data: 2016

Expert Ratings: 1 = highly insufficient, 5 = highly sufficient

  • Jordan 2016
  • Jordan 2005
  • Regional Average
  • Income Level Average
  • Global Average
  • Jordan 2016
  • Jordan 2005
  • Regional Average
  • Income Level Average
  • Global Average

Jordan Reports

Name
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2018
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: English
  • Upload date: 2018-02-19

  • SME Observatory @ JEDCO carried out recently a study about women entrepreneurship which shows the major reasons of low rates of women entrepreneurship in Jordan comparing with Arab and International countries rates and needed recommendation that will improve women entrepreneurship rates in Jordan. As we know women’s entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as an important factor for economic growth and development in the Middle East and North Africa. The share of women-owned SMEs in the MENA region was approximately 14% in 2011 and in Arab countries was 7.4% in 2016 which is low compared to a global average of 34%. Jordanian female TEA rate is the lowest compared to the Arab countries, as only 3.3% of female population aged 18-64 are engaged in starting a business or who recently started one. During the past years, the Jordanian government adopted many efforts regarding women empowerment, both on technical and legislative levels. Moreover, female self-employment decreased from 2.5% in 2005 to 1.8% and female business owners rate decreased from 1.6% in 2005 to 1.3% in 2016. Thus, it is important to investigate women participation in the labor market, and female entrepreneurship in Jordan.

  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/50021
 Women Entrepreneurship in Jordan 2016-2017- WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2017
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: English
  • Upload date: 2018-07-16

  • The Jordan National Report of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2016 survey is the first of a series of reports to be published by the SME Growth Observatory in Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation (JEDCO). This report represents a complete picture of the entrepreneurship activities in Jordan as a utilized tool for policy makers and service providers to entrepreneurs.
  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/50064
 GEM Jordan 2016/2017 Report
Report information
pdf
GEM MENA 2009 Report (English)
Report information
pdf
GEM MENA 2009 Report (French)
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