Sweden

Region: Europe and North America
 

Classification of economies by geographic region is based on that of the United Nations Statistics Division.

High Income
 

Based on the income levels set out by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in its Global Competitiveness Report. However, the groupings are slightly different due to the numbers of economies covered. For GEM, the low income group contains both those classified as low income and lower middle by WEF, and the middle income group has those that WEF groups as upper middle. High income is the same for both GEM and WEF.

Population: 10 million (2018)
 

Population data is from the World Bank, except Palestinian Territories World Population Review and Taiwan Worldometers

GDP Growth: 2.3% (2018)
 

GDP growth data is from the World Economic Outlook Database, except Palestinian Territories Worldometers

GDP Per Capita: $52,924 (2017)
 

GDP per capita data is from the World Economic Outlook Database, except Palestinian Territories Worldometers

Sweden Reports

Name
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: Swedish
  • Upload date: 2019-09-25

  • In 2018, entrepreneurship again decreased in Sweden - 6.8 percent of the Swedish population is active at an early stage or operates a young company. The downward trend that began in 2013 appears to strengthen. The most dramatic change for Sweden between 2017 and 2018 is the change in women's entrepreneurship; the proportion fell by almost two percentage points or 30 percent, from just under six percent to four percent. At the same time, men's entrepreneurship increased, however not enough to counteract a total reduction in Swedish entrepreneurship. This year's GEM report devotes special attention to the gig economy. Individuals who participate in the gig economy often have a significantly higher ambition to start a company within a three-year period compared to others. Gig workers thus constitute an interesting pool of potential future entrepreneurs. Sweden needs a more in-depth analysis of both women's entrepreneurship and the emerging gig economy to devise a policy that can claim the potential welfare benefits that could arise if these sectors can grow.
  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/50309
GEM Sweden 2018/2019
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2018
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: Swedish
  • Upload date: 2018-06-19

  • In 2017, Swedish entrepreneurship decreased, 7.3 percent of the Swedish population is active at an early stage or operates a young company. Even the growth ambitions, as well as the level of innovation, have decreased according to the entrepreneurs. The decline in entrepreneurial activity depends solely on a decline in women's entrepreneurship. This year's GEM report devotes special attention to serial entrepreneurs, i.e. entrepreneurs with previous experience of entrepreneurship. Experience have a positive effect on almost all indicators in the report: perceived capabilities, fear of failure, job creation etc. The best school for entrepreneurship seems to be trying their own business. Entrepreneurial experiences enhances future entrepreneurial ventures and appears to lead to more high-performance entrepreneurs From a policy perspective, it stresses the importance of creating good conditions not only for starting businesses but also for opportunities for a second chance. The proportion of individuals claiming that fear of failure prevents them from starting a business has increased from 29 to 37 percent over the past decade. If reconstruction is made easier and cheaper and bankruptcy does not involve lifelong debt, it helps to establish more growth-oriented companies. It also signals how society values risk taking and entrepreneurship.
  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/50050
GEM Sweden 2017/2018
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2017
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: Swedish
  • Upload date: 2017-06-09

  • Entrepreneurship has increased in Sweden in 2016, 7.6 percent of the Swedish population is active at an early stage or operates a young company. In particular, women, but also older people, drive entrepreneurship forward. This is evident in this year's Swedish GEM report. Despite the positive development of Swedish entrepreneurship, the level is below average of innovation-driven countries. This year's GEM report devotes special attention to elderly entrepreneurs. A large proportion of those who run and start businesses are over 50 years old, many over 65 years old. They are less risk avert and more optimistic than their younger business colleagues. The survey also shows that almost 20 percent of the population aged 18-64 have tried to run companies earlier. Among entrepreneurs, 45 percent have done so, this indicates that the best school for entrepreneurship seems to be trying their own business. Sweden has a problem with scale up and, unfortunately, low growth ambitions are also confirmed this year. The proportion of entrepreneurs who plan to employ more than 20 people within five years, gazelle companies, is estimated to 8 percent compared with 10 percent in 2015. In the Anglo-Saxon countries, growth ambitions have increased.
  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/49841
GEM Sweden 2016/2017
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2016
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: Swedish
  • Upload date: 2016-06-07

  • The share of entrepreneurs in Sweden is rising again after a hearty dip last year. And it is women who stands for the recovery. The annual survey, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) shows that entrepreneurship in Sweden - the percentage of people who are either involved in starting a business or are owners / managers of a company that has been trading for a maximum of 3.5 years - increased to 7.2 percent in 2015 from 6.7 percent the year before. Among women, entrepreneurship increased by about one percentage point it was especially a large number of new businesses in the consumer services. Pontus Braunerhjelm, leader of the Swedish part of the study and professor at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), believes that the rise is due to reduced uncertainty following a "right at times rancorous" debate on some consumer services for the elections in 2014. - It created a huge uncertainty about future prospects. And then the decision was made not to start a business, or perhaps interrupted if one had started. The rules are not very clear today either, but the uncertainty has been at least partially allayed, he says. The new entrepreneurship among males decrease is somewhat more difficult to interpret, according Braunerhjelm. He sees the limitations of the tax deduction and the general improvement in the labour market as possible causes. "Fascinating" Sweden has the largest share of new entrepreneurs in the Nordic countries and stands up well in comparison to other comparable countries, according Braunerhjelm. Characteristic of Swedes is that 70 percent see good business opportunities in the local environment, but only half as many believe they have the ability to start and run businesses. - That's fascinating, and suggest that there is a potential pool of entrepreneurs who do not really have got realised their ideas yet. Of course you can not get all, but perhaps a few percent of them.
  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/49544
GEM Sweden 2015/2016
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2016
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: English
  • Upload date: 2016-06-23

  • Anglo-Saxon countries outperform all other countries in all entrepreneurial dimensions – entrepreneurship rate, new business ownership, women’s entrepreneurship and future potential entrepreneurs, according to the new report “The entrepreneurial challenge – A comparative study of entrepreneurial dynamics in China, Europe and the US” launched today by Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum. To accelerate growth and close the entrepreneurial gap, in particular to the US, institutions must more clearly encourage risk, entrepreneurial endeavor and firm growth. The report is based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The report examines the similarities and differences between China, EU, and the US in terms of entrepreneurial activity and attitudes towards entrepreneurship as well as entrepreneurs’ ambition to grow, internationalize and to innovate. The highest levels of entrepreneurship are found in the US (12 percent each) and UK (13 percent), whereas the lowest levels are found in Germany and Italy (four percent). Sweden’s level is seven percent. Also growth expectations are considerably higher among US entrepreneurs as compared to the EU. China’s entrepreneurial activity is still high but declining, which reflects that much of the previous entrepreneurship was necessity-based and a business-cycle effect. - The entrepreneurial vein is shown to be weak in the larger EU-countries, this manifests in a lower rate of entrepreneurship and in a considerably weaker intrapreneurship, says Pontus Braunerhjelm, Professor at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Research Director at Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum. The authors emphasize four policy areas that are particularly important for early-stage entrepreneurship; supply of skills, access to finance, regulations, fear of failure and taxes. First, supply of skills is a key condition for entrepreneurs to grow and maintain their innovative capacities. It is essential that universities are rewarded for their interaction with society, i.e. interacting with businesses and diffusing knowledge. Second, access to capital is important and the Anglo-Saxon model, found to be by far the best at creating entrepreneurial activities, is partly based on a social and economic acceptability of successful entrepreneurs who also builds fortunes. Third, several studies have highlighted the negative effects of regulations on entrepreneurship. A reduction in red tape is a necessary prerequisite for building an entrepreneurial culture. Forth, debts incurred by the firm may become personal and extremely hard to terminate. Stigmatizing institutions hamper entrepreneurial risk-taking and stifle growth and industrial dynamics. This tends to feed a fear of failure culture instead of an entrepreneurial culture. Taxes should be designed to encourage new and growing firms, i.e. including investment incentives, stock options and transparency. If the political aim is to enter a path where entrepreneurship, innovation and continuous market experimentation pave the way for sustainable future growth, the authors suggests that policymakers focus their efforts on the areas above.
  • URL: http://gem-consortium.ns-client.xyz/report/49552
The Entrepreneurial Challenge
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